Valve Thaum tshav kub kub thiab kho deg
Deg txheej rau valve thiab lwm lub teeb hlau
Thaum nws los txog rau xaiv lub teeb alloys, feem ntau engineers tsis venture deb ntawm Al, Mg thiab Ti alloys. Txawm li cas los xij, tsab xov xwm no tshawb txog kev siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qee qhov tsawg dua siv lub teeb alloys, xws li Zirconium, Tantalum thiab Hafnium.
Kev txhim kho hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb rau hauv cov txheej txheej saum npoo tau ua rau lub teeb alloys dhau los ua qee cov hlau siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyuaj. Los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam roj thiab roj, mus rau lub teeb yuag tab sis tawv txav ntawm lub dav hlau, lub teeb alloys muaj ntau heev. Kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv lub teeb alloys, ib yam nkaus.
Cov khoom siv engineers thiab cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau tig mus rau lub teeb hlau, aluminium, magnesium thiab titanium los daws qhov lawv xav tau kev sib tw engineering. Tab sis muaj lwm yam teeb pom kev zoo hlau uas muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm siab heev. Qee qhov no tsis paub tsawg dua, tab sis tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv tib lub teeb pom kev zoo li lawv cov neeg paub ntau dua.
Valve hlau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li zirconium thiab tantalum thiab paub txog lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv siab corrosion, huab cua kub, nrog dielectric thiab superconducting zog. Qee cov hlau valve tsis nqus cov neutrons thiab yog li siv dav hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob xoom-emission nuclear.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub zoo-paub lub teeb hlau, xws li txhuas thiab magnesium, cov khoom ntawm valve hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho siv cov txheej txheej.
Dab tsi yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lwm cov hlau valve?
Cov tub ntxhais valve hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam sectors. Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm steel thiab lub teeb hlau alloys los qhia ntxiv zog thiab corrosion kuj, nrog rau lwm yam nta. Thiab cov khoom cua sov thiab corrosion kuj txhais tau hais tias cov hlau, lawv cov alloys thiab oxides yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kuaj thiab chemistry khoom.
Vim nws tsis nqus neutrons thiab yog tshav kub thiab corrosion resistant, zirconium alloys feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab chaw nres tsheb pipework, roj pas nrig cladding thiab structural Cheebtsam. Nws cov khoom tiv thaiv tshav kub txhais tau tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, dav hlau cav thiab roj turbine qhov chaw. Zircon tseem hu ua semi-precious pob zeb uas zoo li pob zeb diamond - cubic zirconia kuj ntau, pheej yig dua.
Niobium kuj tseem siv rau hauv qhov chaw thiab aerospace kev siv. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho, offshore platforms thiab nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj pipelines thiab manifolds. Nrog nws cov khoom siv superconducting, niobium tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau nplaum siv hauv cov khoom siv kho mob xws li NMR thiab MRI scanners, feem ntau ua ke nrog zirconium.
Nws cov oxide ua rau cov tsom iav tsom iav kom nyias nyias los ntawm kev ua kom cov iav tsom iav. Ua physiologically inert thiab hypoallergenic, cov cuab yeej xws li pacemakers thiab lwm yam kev kho mob cuam tshuam muaj niobium alloys. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus uas pab nrog kev nrawm thiab ua tiav ntawm osseointegration.
Lub dielectric oxide txheej uas tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw, thiab nws muaj peev xwm yuav thinly coated mus rau lwm yam Cheebtsam, enables tantalum los ua ib tug heev zoo thiab me me ntim capacitor. Hauv daim ntawv no, nws yog siv hauv xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thiab nws qhia tib yam ntxiv dag zog rau lwm yam hlau valve, yog li nws tau siv ntau zaus hauv concorde aircraft qhov ntswg cones, foob pob hluav taws nozzles thiab turbine hniav. Tantalum kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv kev phais phais, vim nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua rau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tsiaj.
Surface engineering technologies rau valve hlau
Txawm hais tias lawv cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, cov hlau valve muaj qee qhov tsis muaj zog. Piv txwv li, zirconium alloys nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab tshaj 900 degrees centigrade yuav hnov mob nrog dej los tsim hydrogen gas thiab degrade nuclear roj qws cladding.
Niobium cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ua rau nws ua tau zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum raug kub siab tshaj 400 degrees centigrade, nws oxidises thiab ua nkig. Tsis tshua muaj zog thiab yog li tiv taus rau feem ntau cov kua qaub thiab alkalis, tantalum tuaj yeem corroded los ntawm rhuab alkalis, kub sulfuric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid.
Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev uas cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov hlau ntau dua, cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom tsis zoo uas pom los ntawm cov hlau valve tuaj yeem daws tau yooj yim. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom corrosive tshwj xeeb, muab kev tiv thaiv cua sov ntxiv thiab tuaj yeem ua cov noob nrog cov khoom ntxiv uas muab lwm yam kev txhim kho.
Ib txoj hauv kev yog siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, xws li plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Nws siv electrolyte da dej thiab plasma los ua ib txheej zoo li ceramic rau ob qho tib si lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov hlau valve. PEO-derived txheej muaj ntau yam zoo uas cov hlau qub thiab hlau alloy thiab lawv cov txheej txheem oxide tsis muaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Jewellok muaj kev paub dhau los thaum nws los txog rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem ib-ntawm-ib-zoo uas ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm tag nrho cov hlau valve.