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Kev Tswj Xyuas Hydride: Ultra-High Vacuum Regulators rau PH3 hauv Semiconductor Manufacturing thiab MOCVD

Kev Tswj Xyuas Hydride: Ultra-High Vacuum Regulators rau PH3 hauv Semiconductor Manufacturing thiab MOCVD

Abstract
Qhov kev xa khoom raug ntawm Phosphine (PH3) yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim vaj huam sib luag roj. Raws li cov tshuaj lom heev, pyrophoric, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg reactive, PH3 Ultra-High Purity (UHP) cov tswj kev txo siab uas mus deb tshaj li cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam txheem. Tsab xov xwm no tshuaj xyuas cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau, diaphragm, thiab kev tsim kho qhov chaw uas tsim nyog los xa PH3 rau MOCVD thiab cov txheej txheem ion implantation kom nyab xeeb thiab ntseeg tau.

1. Qhov Kev Sib Tw PH3

Hauv cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov pa roj tshwj xeeb siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv semiconductor, Phosphine (PH3) nyob hauv qhov chaw txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb. Siv feem ntau rau n-hom doping ntawm silicon thiab ua tus ua ntej phosphorus hauv InP thiab GaInP MOCVD, PH3 yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom - pyrophoricity ntawm qee qhov concentration, tshuaj lom heev (LC50 ntawm 11 ppm), thiab thermodynamic instability - ua rau nws tsis sib xws nrog cov khoom siv roj txheem.

Lub plawv ntawm txhua lub tshuab xa khoom PH3 yog lub tshuab tswj siab uas muaj purity siab heev. Tsis zoo li cov tshuab tswj roj inert, lub tshuab tswj PH3 tsis tuaj yeem saib ua lub qhov dej yooj yim; nws yuav tsum tau tsim los ua lub tshuab thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, lub fuse kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub tshuab tshuaj lom neeg - tag nrho thaum tswj cov khoom me me hauv qab micron thiab cov dej noo hauv qab ppb.

Tshwj xeeb gas regulator manufacturers
Tshwj xeeb gas regulator manufacturers

2. Lub Txheej Txheem ntawm UHP Kev Txo Siab

Ib lub tshuab tswj UHP ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai thawj zaug ntawm thermodynamics thiab Joule-Thomson effect. Cov pa roj siab (feem ntau yog 1000–2000 psig hauv ib lub tog raj kheej) nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab tswj thiab nthuav dav hla lub qhov sib txawv. Qhov kev nthuav dav no txo ​​qhov siab tab sis kuj ua rau txias. Rau PH3, uas muaj qhov kub npau ntawm -87.7 ° C, kev txias ntau dhau tsis ua rau liquefaction nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua kom sai dua qhov tsim ntawm diphosphine (P2H4), ib qho kua dej uas yooj yim hlawv.

Tus tswj hwm UHP tswj hwm lub zog tawm (feem ntau yog 10–50 psig rau MOCVD lossis 50–150 psig rau ion implant) los ntawm lub tshuab tawm tswv yim. Lub diaphragm dome-loaded lossis spring-loaded hnov ​​​​​​lub zog downstream thiab throttles lub poppet raws li. Txawm li cas los xij, rau PH3, qhov kev ua "throttling" yuav tsum yog laminar zoo meej. Turbulence hauv lub cev tswj hwm tsim cov kev ntxhov siab shear hauv zos uas tuaj yeem dislodge cov khoom me me lossis, qhov phem dua, tsim cov adiabatic compression hotspots uas muaj peev xwm ua rau ignite pyrophoric deposits.

3. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Khoom Siv: Tshaj 316L Stainless Steel

Thaum 316L stainless hlau electropolished rau 5 Ra (micro-inch) tiav yog tus qauv kev lag luam rau ntau cov pa roj UHP, PH3 xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv txog hlau.

3.1 Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nickel thiab Hlau
PH3 pib ua kom puas tsuaj rau ntawm cov hlau uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub qis li 50 ° C. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov roj loj yog ambient, qhov cua sov adiabatic ntawm lub rooj zaum interface tuaj yeem mus txog qhov no. Hlau thiab nickel ua haujlwm ua cov catalysts rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition: 2PH3 → 2P + 3H2Cov phosphorus uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom no ua rau muaj xim liab/xim av. Cov zaj duab xis no ua rau lub rooj zaum sib txhuam ntau ntxiv, hloov qhov siab tawg, thiab thaum kawg ua rau lub regulator creep (tsis ua haujlwm kaw).

Yuav kom txo qhov no, cov neeg tswj hwm PH3 ua haujlwm siab siv Hastelloy C-22 lub cev. Hastelloy muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev tawg thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws cov ntsiab lus nickel txo qis (piv rau 316L) thiab cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab ua rau qhov chaw passivate, txo qhov catalytic decomposition ntawm PH3.

3.2 Kev Tshem Tawm Elastomer
Tsis muaj cov qauv elastomeric O-rings (Viton, Buna-N, Kalrez) yuav tsum tau kov PH3 hauv qhov chaw huv si. PH3 yog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis uas tuaj yeem leach fluorine los ntawm fluoroelastomers thiab sulfur los ntawm qee cov neeg sawv cev kho, tsim cov khoom me me. Cov neeg tswj hwm PH3 niaj hnub siv PCTFE (Kel-F) or SAIB cov rooj zaum thiab cov foob. Cov thermoplastics engineering no muaj kev tiv thaiv dej txias, tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj zog, thiab xoom outgassing, yog tias lawv tau ua haujlwm kom zoo thiab txo kev ntxhov siab.

4. Kev Siv Tshuab Diaphragm: Lub Ciam Teb Siab

Lub diaphragm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm PH3 regulator. Nws ua haujlwm ob lub hom phiaj: kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm.

4.1 Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav vs. Dome Loading
Rau PH3 uas muaj qhov huv siab, cov regulators uas muaj dome-loaded feem ntau nyiam dua li cov qauv tsim uas muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Hauv cov regulator uas muaj dome-loaded, cov nitrogen lossis argon uas muaj qhov huv siab siv rau ntawm sab "dome" ntawm lub diaphragm los teeb tsa lub siab tawm. Qhov no tshem tawm "qhov nkhaus caij nplooj ntoos hlav" lossis qhov poob qis uas muaj nyob hauv cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muab lub siab xa khoom tiaj tus txawm tias qhov nkag mus puas tsuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws tshem tawm qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm cov kauj caij nplooj ntoos hlav uas cov dej noo lossis cov khoom me me tuaj yeem raug ntes thiab tom qab ntawd tso tawm.

4.2 Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Cov Hlau Diaphragm
Lub diaphragm yuav tsum yog ib txheej nickel-chromium lossis stainless hlau membrane ntau txheej. Cov regulators PH3 ib theem feem ntau siv 4-ply lossis 6-ply diaphragm stack. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog rau lub zog xwb; yog tias muaj qhov xau pinhole tshwm sim hauv ib txheej vim yog hlau qaug zog lossis phosphorus tawm tsam, cov txheej tom ntej tswj hwm qhov ciam teb siab, tiv thaiv kev tso tawm PH3 mus rau hauv chav huv. Cov diaphragms yog seam-welded los ntawm cov txheej txheem orbital tsis siv neeg, kom ntseeg tau tias thaj chaw ntub dej tau kaw hermetically los ntawm sab huab cua.

5. Kev Ua Tiav Ntawm Qhov Chaw Thiab Kev Ua Passivation

Rau PH3, qhov chaw tiav tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev khaws cia cov khoom me me xwb; nws yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm.

5.1 Kev txhuam hluav taws xob
Kev txhuam hniav siv tshuab txheem tawm "kev pleev xim" ntawm qhov chaw hlau. Kev siv hluav taws xob tshem tawm cov txheej amorphous no, qhia txog qhov chaw huv si, nplua nuj chromium. Tus qauv kev lag luam rau PH3 yog ib qho 5 Ra (0.13 µm) los yog zoo dua electropolished tiav.

5.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Pa Pa
Tom qab electropolishing, tus tswj hwm yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem passivation tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj lom hydrides. Tsis zoo li nitric acid passivation siv rau stainless hlau (uas tsim cov txheej chromium oxide), PH3 kev pabcuam feem ntau xav tau a kev ua kom silicon or inert hlau txheej ntawm cov nplaim ntub. Xwb, kev tswj hwm thermal oxidation hauv ib puag ncig oxygen ntawm qhov kub siab tsim cov txheej oxide ntom ntom thiab ruaj khov. Cov txheej oxide no tiv thaiv cov hlau liab qab kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem hydrogen ntawm PH3 molecule, yog li tiv thaiv kev lwj.

6. Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Me Me thiab Cov Dej Ntswg

Cov lus qhia ntawm Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) qhia txog cov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb rau UHP regulators. Rau cov nodes siab heev, cov dej PH3 yuav tsum muaj tsawg dua 10 cov khoom me me > 0.1 µm ib cubic foot.

6.1 Kev Tshem Tawm Cov Khoom Tuag
Cov qauv tswj hwm ib txwm muaj cov qhov, xov, thiab ceg tuag uas cov roj tsis txav. Hauv kev pabcuam PH3, lub hnab roj tsis txav yuav lwj mus raws sijhawm, tso phosphorus. Cov tswj hwm PH3 niaj hnub no muaj qhov tsim "qhov ntim sab hauv qis". Lub cev yog tshuab los ntawm ib qho kev sib tsoo nrog cov duab sab hauv tsawg kawg nkaus. Lub diaphragm kaw ncaj qha rau ntawm lub cev, tshem tawm qhov chaw gasket pom hauv cov qauv qub.

6.2 Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Ntxuav
PH3 hnyav (qhov ceev ~ 1.4 npaug ntawm huab cua). Nws faib ua pawg thiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw qis. Lub PH3 regulator yuav tsum tau tsim rau "sweep purging" es tsis yog "pressure purging." Cov qhov nkag thiab qhov tawm yuav tsum sib txawv thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntim sab hauv kom ntseeg tau tias cov pa nitrogen purge cheb cov PH3 hnyav mus rau hauv qab thiab tawm, tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke.

7. Kev Tsim Kho Kev Nyab Xeeb: Kev Tswj thiab Kev Pa Tawm

Vim yog qhov tshuaj lom ntawm PH3, lub kaus mom uas muaj qhov cua tsis txaus.

7.1 Kev Tswj Ob Chav
Cov khoom siv tswj PH3 zoo tshaj plaws muaj lub hau kaw thib ob. Yog tias lub diaphragm tseem ceeb tawg, cov pa roj yuav raug ntes hauv lub hau kaw es tsis txhob tso pa tawm rau hauv lub txee roj. Lub hau kaw no feem ntau txuas nrog lub tshuab ntxuav chaw lossis lub kaw lus saib xyuas cov pa roj lom los ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis xeb 1/4-nti.

7.2 Kev Tswj Chaw Taws Teeb thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus
Cov cuab yeej tswj PH3 uas siv tes ua haujlwm tab tom dhau los ua qub dhau lawm hauv fabs. Cov qauv tsim tam sim no siv cov neeg ua haujlwm uas siv cua lossis siv lub cev muaj zog. Yog tias muaj xwm txheej av qeeg, lub tswb ceeb toom hluav taws, lossis lub tswb ceeb toom pom roj, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem cais lub tog raj kheej PH3 los ntawm kev kaw lub qhov dej ntawm lub tshuab tswj, nres qhov dej ntws yam tsis tas yuav muaj neeg cuam tshuam hauv thaj chaw txaus ntshai.

8. Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov: MOCVD vs. Ion Implant

Txawm hais tias cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb zoo sib xws, qhov kev siv rau PH3 sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem.

8.1 Cov Kev Cai ntawm MOCVD
Hauv MOCVD (Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition), PH3 yog siv ua Group V precursor, ntws tas li rau ntau teev ntawm cov nqi ntws siab (1–20 slm) tab sis qis siab (20–100 Torr ntawm lub injector). Tus tswj hwm ntawm no yuav tsum muab kev tswj siab kiag li es tsis yog ntsuas qhov siab. Nws yuav tsum tswj kom muaj qhov siab tawm ruaj khov tiv thaiv qhov rub ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm MOCVD reactor. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem MOCVD feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov ntawm PH3 thiab ammonia lossis arsine; kev sib kis kab mob yog qhov txaus ntshai, xav tau cov neeg tswj hwm nrog cov chaw nres nkoj purging tshwj xeeb kom tshem tawm cov roj module ntawm cov kauj ruam txheej txheem.

8.2 Cov Kev Cai Rau Kev Cog Ion
Cov cuab yeej siv ion implants siv PH3 hauv qhov chaw gaseous rau plasma doping. Ntawm no, cov nqi ntws qis dua, tab sis qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub imploder rho tawm cov ions los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab; kev hloov pauv ntawm cov roj ntom ntawm qhov chaw ua rau lub zog tam sim no tsis ruaj khov. PH3 regulators rau ion implant xav tau hysteresis qis heev thiab qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev muab siab (SPE). Kev poob 1000 psi hauv qhov siab nkag yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsawg dua 0.5 psi hauv qhov siab tawm.

9. Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Teeb tsa thiab Kev Txij Nkawm

Txhim kho ib PH3 ultra-high purity siab txo regulator yog ib qho kev ua ub no uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.

9.1 Kev Vuam Orbital
Cov khoom siv sib txuas (hom VCR) feem ntau siv rau kev yooj yim hloov pauv, tab sis rau kev teeb tsa tas mus li, kev sib txuas orbital welded zoo dua. Kev sib txuas welded tshem tawm txoj kev xau ntawm lub gasket seal. Thaum vuam lub PH3 regulator rau hauv ib kab, cov khoom yuav tsum tau purged nrog inert gas (backfilled) kom tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm sab hauv.

9.2 Kev Tshawb Xyuas Qhov Xaus Helium
Tom qab kev teeb tsa tiav lawm, lub kaw lus tsis raug sim nrog PH3. Hloov chaw, lub tshuab ntes helium xau siv los xyuas qhov tseeb sab nraud (feem ntau <1 x 10^-9 atm-cc/sec) thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub rooj zaum. Lub foob rooj zaum tswj hwm raug sim los ntawm kev nias lub qhov nkag mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab saib xyuas qhov lwj ntawm sab qhov tawm.

9.3 Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej
Cov khoom tswj hwm PH3 muaj lub neej luv luv vim yog qhov qeeb ntawm cov phosphorus residues. Cov Fabs feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm "rub-thiab-hloov" es tsis txhob sim kho hauv thaj chaw. Kev kho lub PH3 regulator yog qhov txaus ntshai; cov khoom sib cais feem ntau muaj cov pyrophoric phosphorus residues uas kub hnyiab thaum raug cua. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav hydro-oxidation tshwj xeeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov residues no tsis ua haujlwm ua ntej kev saib xyuas.

10. Yav tom ntej Trends

Thaum kev lag luam semiconductor txav mus rau qhov dav-bandgap semiconductors (GaN ntawm SiC) thiab cov qauv 3D siab heev, qhov kev thov rau PH3 purity nce ntxiv. Peb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg tswj hwm digital uas muaj cov transducers siab embedded thiab kev saib xyuas ntws. Cov neeg tswj hwm "ntse" no tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov qaug zog ntawm diaphragm thiab kev hnav lub rooj zaum los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas algorithm ntawm cov cim qhia kev puas tsuaj siab.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, thev naus laus zis txheej saum npoo av tab tom nce qib. Kev siv cov txheej txheem amorphous silicon lossis pob zeb diamond-zoo li carbon (DLC) los ntawm CVD rau ntawm cov nplaim sab hauv ntawm cov regulators qhia tau tias muaj kev cia siab hauv kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov catalytic decomposition ntawm PH3, cog lus tias yav tom ntej uas regulator drift vim phosphorus buildup raug tshem tawm tag nrho.

Semiconductor Fluid Control Systems Thiab Cheebtsam
Semiconductor Fluid Control Systems Thiab Cheebtsam

xaus

cov PH3 ultra-high purity siab txo regulator yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab thiab kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog qhov chaw kawg ntawm qhov chaw muaj roj txaus ntshai thiab lub cuab yeej epitaxy ntau lab daus las. Los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke Hastelloy kev tsim kho, xoom-dead-volume tsim, electropolished surfaces, thiab ntau txheej diaphragm kev nyab xeeb, cov khoom siv no ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ultra-pure xa khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm cov pa roj txaus ntshai tshaj plaws tab sis tseem ceeb. Raws li cov txheej txheem nodes shrink thiab cov cuab yeej geometries ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus tswj hwm txo hwj chim yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kab tsim khoom semiconductor.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev tswj hwm lub hydride: cov neeg tswj hwm lub tshuab nqus tsev siab heev rau PH3 hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor thiab MOCVD, koj tuaj yeem mus saib Jewellok ntawm https://www.jewellok.com/ yog xav paub ntau info.

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